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A protocol is a set of rules that must be followed (like HTTP).
Web browsers understand how to open webpages because all webpages are following the rules set by HTTP.
Every request must have a method, and every response must have a status.
HTTP is a protocol whose rules must be followed. REST is just a set of guidelines to others can use your api more easily but it is not enforced.
REST is important because it allows other developers to use your api more easily since it is structured in a familiar way.